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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte comprising an eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt. This solid polymer electrolyte can be obtained by polymerization and / or crosslinking of a composition comprising a eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt and a polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound. In addition, the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing said solid polymer electrolyte and its uses as an electrolyte in an electrochemical device, in particular as an electrolyte in a battery or in an electronic display device, in particular an electrochromic device.
    公开号:FR3035544A1
    申请号:FR1553548
    申请日:2015-04-21
    公开日:2016-10-28
    发明作者:Olivier Buisine；Claude Mercier
    申请人:Rhodia Operations SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of materials useful for electrochemical applications. More specifically, this invention relates to a new polymeric material that can be used as an electrolyte.
    [0002] STATE OF THE ART In the highly dynamic field of batteries, part of the research efforts focus on improving the properties of the materials constituting the electrolyte.
    [0003] To improve the quality and safety of batteries, US 2007/0099090 discloses the use of an eutectic mixture as an electrolyte in electrochemical devices. According to this document, thanks to its chemical and thermal stability, this eutectic mixture could solve problems related to the volatility and flammability of electrolytes. However, the electrolyte material proposed in this document does not have sufficient mechanical properties to be used alone in a battery: a separating material must be used in addition. It is in this context that the inventors have sought a new material that can be used as an electrolyte in electrochemical devices. Advantageously, this material has both good properties in terms of ionic conductivity and in terms of mechanical properties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The subject of the invention is a solid polymer electrolyte comprising a eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with the said fluorinated salt. This solid polymer electrolyte can be obtained by polymerization and / or crosslinking of a composition comprising a eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt and a polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound.
    [0004] In addition, the subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing said solid polymer electrolyte, comprising the steps in which a precursor composition comprising an eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt and a polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound is obtained; then said precursor composition is subjected to a polymerization and / or crosslinking treatment. The precursor composition comprising an eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt and a polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound is also an object of the present invention.
    [0005] Finally, the invention relates to the uses of said solid polymer electrolyte as an electrolyte in an electrochemical device, in particular as an electrolyte in a battery or in an electronic display device, in particular an electrochromic device.
    [0006] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the following discussion, the expression "between ... and ..." should be understood to include the cited boundaries. The object of the present invention is a solid polymeric material that can be used as an electrolyte.
    [0007] In the following description, the term "solid" refers in particular to a material having a Young's modulus of at least 1 MPa. The Young's modulus of the material can be calculated from the stress / strain curve of the material obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis.
    [0008] Conventionally, a eutectic mixture refers to a mixture of two or more compounds having a lower melting temperature than each of the individual compounds. In the present invention, the eutectic mixture may advantageously have a melting temperature of less than 100 ° C, more preferably less than 80 ° C, more preferably less than 60 ° C, and even more preferably less than 60 ° C. 40 ° C. According to one embodiment, said eutectic mixture is liquid at operating temperature, this operating temperature depending on the electrochemical device in which the electrolyte is used. Preferably, the operating temperature is between 10 ° C and 100 ° C, more preferably between 20 ° C and 80 ° C, and more preferably between 25 ° C and 60 ° C.
    [0009] The said eutectic mixture is obtained by mixing a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with the said fluorinated salt. The fluorinated salt may consist of a fluorinated mono or polyanion and one or more cations. The cation (s) may be selected independently of one another from metal cations and organic cations. As the metal cation, mention may preferably be made of alkaline cations, alkaline earth cations and cations of the elements of block d. As organic cation, there may be mentioned imidazolium cations, pyrrolidinium cations, pyridinium cations, guanidinium cations, ammonium cations and phosphonium cations. According to a preferred embodiment, the fluorinated salt comprises at least one alkaline cation, preferably at least one lithium or sodium cation, and more preferably at least one lithium cation. Said fluorinated salt may be a fluorinated lithium salt or a fluorinated sodium salt, preferably a fluorinated lithium salt. Of the fluorinated anions that can be used in the present invention, fluorinated sulfonimide anions may be advantageous. The fluorinated anion may in particular be chosen from the anions of the following general formula: (Ea-502) 1 1 R in which: - Ea represents a fluorine atom or a group preferably having from 1 to 10 selected carbon atoms among the fluoroalkyls, the perfluoroalkyls and the fluoroalkenyls, R represents a substituent. According to a first embodiment, R represents a hydrogen atom. According to a second embodiment, R represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group, cyclic or non-cyclic, preferably having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may optionally carry one or more unsaturations, and being optionally substituted one or more times with a halogen atom or a nitrile function. According to a third embodiment, R represents a sulfonyl group. In particular, R can represent the group -502-Ea, Ea being as defined above. In this case, the fluorinated anion may be symmetrical, i.e., such that both Ea groups of the anion are the same, or non-symmetric, i.e., such that both groups Ea of the anion are different. Moreover, R can represent the group -502-R ', R' represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group, cyclic or non-cyclic, preferably having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, optionally substituted one or more times with a carbon atom. Halogen 3035544 4 and can optionally carry one or more unsaturations. In particular, R 'may comprise a vinyl group, allyl or an aromatic group itself optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms and / or by one or more haloalkyl groups. On the other hand, R can represent the group -SO 2 - 1 R ', R' 5 being as defined above or R 'represents a sulfonate function SO 3 -. According to a fourth embodiment, R represents a carbonyl group. R may in particular be represented by the formula -CO-R ', R' being defined as above. The fluorinated anion which may be used in the present invention may advantageously be selected from the group consisting of: - CF SO N SO CF 3, - CF 3 50 2 N-502F, - F 502N-502F, and - CF SO N The fluorinated anions for use in the present invention may also be selected from the group consisting of PF6-, BF6-, AsF6-, fluoroalkyl borates, fluoroalkyl phosphates, and the like. , and fluoroalkyl sulfonates, in particular CF3503-. In general, the fluorinated salt according to the invention may be described by the following general formula: ## STR1 ## wherein: A represents a fluorinated anion; M1 and M2 represent cations; n, 1 and p, independently chosen from 1 to 5, respectively represent the charges of the fluorinated anion, the cation M1 and the cation M2; M, selected from 1 to 2 represents the stoichiometry of the M1 cation. The fluorinated anion A and the cations M1 and M2 may be as described preferentially above. The fluorinated salt which can be used in the present invention may advantageously be chosen from the group consisting of lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of formula (CF 3 50 2) 2NLi (commonly denoted LiTF SI) and bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide of lithium of formula (F-502) 2NLi (commonly denoted LiF SI).
    [0010] To form a eutectic, said fluorinated salt is mixed with an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt. Such compounds capable of forming a eutectic with a fluorinated salt are known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, said organic compound is chosen from organic compounds comprising at least one amide function and / or at least one sulphone function. The organic compound may be selected from the group consisting of sulfones preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkylamides preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl amides preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and arylamides said alkyl, alkenyl and aryl groups being unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by other amide functions and / or one or more alkyl groups optionally substituted one or more times by halogen atoms. The amide function may be primary, secondary or tertiary, preferably primary, and may be unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted on the nitrogen atom. When mono or disubstituted on the nitrogen atom, the substituent groups may be chosen from alkyl groups having preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups, said alkyl, alkenyl and aryl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by halogen atoms, or alkyl groups substituted or not by halogen atoms. The organic compound can have a linear structure or a cyclic structure. According to a particular embodiment, the organic compound has a cyclic structure and the amide function is part of said cycle. The organic compound capable of forming a eutectic with a fluorinated salt in the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of acetamide, N-methylacetamide, urea, N-methylurea, caprolactam, valerolactam, trifluoroacetamide, methylcarbamate, formamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfone and mixtures thereof The molar ratio between the fluorinated salt and the organic compound in the eutectic mixture according to the invention depends on said eutectic formed. In general, this ratio can be between 1: 1 and 1: 4. Nevertheless, in the present invention, the respective amounts of fluorinated salt and organic compound can deviate from this molar ratio. For example, the amount of fluorinated salt and / or organic compound in the mixture may exceed the molar ratio of 20%.
    [0011] In the present invention, the eutectic mixture also includes the mixture of several eutectics and the mixing of a eutectic with another compound which may in turn form a deeper eutectic. The eutectic mixture can represent between 30% and 80% by weight of the total weight of the solid polymer electrolyte that is the subject of the present invention, more preferably between 35% and 70%, and even more preferably between 40% and 60%. The eutectic mixture according to the invention may very particularly be selected from the group consisting of the following eutectic mixtures: LiTF SI / N-methylacetamide; LiTF SI / dimethylsulfone; - LiTF SI / urea. The electrolyte according to the invention can be obtained by polymerization and / or crosslinking of a composition, called "precursor composition", which comprises on the one hand an eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt, and secondly a polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound. Said precursor composition is also an object of the present invention. Said polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound may especially be chosen from monomers possessing one or more polymerizable and / or crosslinkable functional groups, preferably from the group consisting of: ethylenically unsaturated monomers, in particular: ethylenically unsaturated aromatic monomers such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, divinylbenzene, vinyltoluene, vinylnaphthalene, styrenesulfonic acids and mixtures thereof; Olefinic monomers, such as ethylene, isoprene, butadiene and mixtures thereof; unsaturated halogenated monomers, such as vinyl chloride, choroprene, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride and mixtures thereof; Acrylic monomers, such as unsaturated acids of the acrylic acid type, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and maleic anhydride; acrylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl acrylate or any other acrylate derivative; methacrylates, such as methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate; acrylonitrile, acrolein; unsaturated resins, such as acrylated epoxy resins, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate; and their mixtures; unsaturated amides, such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, methylenebisacrylamide and N-vinylpyrrolidone; unsaturated ethers, such as methyl vinyl ether; epoxide monomers, such as glycidyl ether monomers; isocyanate monomers, such as toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, their trimers and their oligomers.
    [0012] These derivatives can be used in the presence of alkyl-diol co-monomers, such as ethanediol, telechelic dihydroxy oligo and polyethylene glycols, alkyl triols such as glycerol, triethanolamine, alkyl tetraols, diamines such as ethylene diamine. Jeffaminee EDR polyetheramines, polyamines such as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine. silicate and alkoxysilane monomers, such as tetraethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane. Said polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound may also be chosen from crosslinkable silicone prepolymers, such as epoxy functional silicones or (meth) acrylate silicones. Preferably, the polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound may be chosen from the group consisting of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, epoxide monomers, silicate and alkoxysilane monomers, and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of the monomers acrylics, alkoxysilane monomers, and mixtures of acrylic monomers and alkoxysilane monomers. A single polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound can be used in the present invention. However, it is not excluded to use a mixture of several different polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compounds.
    [0013] The polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound may represent between 1% and 70% by weight of the total weight of the solid polymer electrolyte that is the subject of the present invention, more preferably between 5% and 60%, and even more preferred between 20% and 50%. In the solid polymer electrolyte which is the subject of the present invention, the ratio by weight of the polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound relative to the eutectic mixture may be between 0.01 and 2.5, preferably between 0.05 and 1. , 5, and more preferably between 0.25 and 1. The mechanism of polymerization and / or crosslinking depends on the selected compound. It may be, for example, a polymerization and / or a crosslinking activated by heat treatment, by photochemical treatment, in particular by UV treatment, or by chemical treatment. The precursor composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one suitable polymerization initiator compound. Examples of well-known thermal radical polymerization initiators include, for example, organic peroxide compounds or hydroperoxides such as benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diisopropylbenzyl peroxide and the like. cumyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, azo compounds such as 2,2-azobis (2-cyanobutane), 2,2-azobis (methylbutyronitrile), AIBN (azobis (isobutane), butyronitrile), AMVN (azobisdimethyl-valeronitrile), organometallic compounds such as alkylated silver compounds. Among the well-known photoinitiators are chloroacetophenone, diethoxyacetophenone (DEAP), 1-phenyl-2-one, and the like. hydroxy-2-methylpropanone (HMPP), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, α-aminoacetophenone, benzoin ether, benzyl dimethyl ketal, benzophenone, thioxanthone and 2-ethylanthraquinone (2-ETAQ), anthraquinone, anisoin, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenyl- ketone Among the initiators of cationic polymerizations, mention may be made of sulfonium and iodonium derivatives such as IRGACURE® 184, IRGACURE® 500, DAROCURE® 1173, IRGACURE® 1700, DAROCURE® 4265, IRGACURE® 907, IRGACURE® 369, IRGACURE photoinitiators. ® 261, IRGACURE® 784 DO, IRGACURE® 2959 and IRGACURE® 651 sold by BASF. Typically, the initiator or polymerization or crosslinking compound may represent between 0.001% and 1% by weight of the total weight of the solid polymer electrolyte object of the present invention, more preferably between 0.01% and 0.5 %, and even more preferably between 0.05% and 0.2%.
    [0014] Furthermore, the polymer electrolyte that is the subject of the present invention may comprise one or more additives. The additives used can be of organic, mineral or hybrid nature.
    [0015] The solid polymer electrolyte which is the subject of the present invention may comprise a solvent or a mixture of solvents, preferably organic solvents. The solvent may be chosen from polar organic solvents such as alkyl carbonates, for example diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, sulfolane, dimethylformamide, ethers such as di-isopropyl ether, dimethoxyethane, glymes, such as diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, and longer chain ethanediol oligomers, aromatic ethers such as anisole and veratrole, oxygenated cyclic ethers, for example dioxolane, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran, ionic liquids, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the solid polymer electrolyte that is the subject of the present invention comprises a solvent chosen from acetonitrile, glycol ethers such as glyme, diglyme, triglyme and tetraglyme, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate. and their mixture. Typically, the solvent may represent between 0% and 50% by weight of the total weight of the solid polymer electrolyte object of the present invention, more preferably between 0% and 40%, and even more preferably between 5% and 30%.
    [0016] The polymer electrolyte which is the subject of the present invention may comprise one or more texturizing agents. In the following discussion, the term "texturizing agent" refers to an agent capable of modifying the mechanical properties of a material, and includes, for example, thinners, gelling agents and curing agents. Said texturizing agent may be a polymer. It may be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, fluoropolymers such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) and their copolymers such as copolymer PVDF - HFP (polyvinylidene fluoride - hexafluoropropylene), poly (meth) acrylates such as PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof such as cellulose, cellulose acetate, lignin and guar gum, gelatin and a mono, di or three-dimensional polysiloxane. The texturing agent may be inert or may contain residues and / or chemical functions that may interact with one or more compounds in the medium. The texturizing agent may be in liquid or solid form. When it is a solid additive, the size of this solid additive may vary from a few nanometers to several hundred microns. Typically, the texturizing agent (s) may represent between 0.1% and 60% by weight of the total weight of the polymer electrolyte that is the subject of the present invention, more preferably between 10% and 60%, and even more preferably between 30% and 50%.
    [0017] In addition, the polymer electrolyte which is the subject of the present invention may comprise one or more mineral fillers. Said inorganic filler may be chosen from the group consisting of hydrophilic silica, hydrophobic silica, in particular pyrogenic silicas, alumina, silicates, for example mica, oxides, hydroxides, phosphates, sulphides, nitrates and metal carbonates. such as, for example, cerium oxide, rare earth oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide, and mixtures thereof. The size of the mineral filler can range from a few nanometers to several hundred microns. Preferably, the mineral fillers contained in the polymer electrolyte according to the invention are nanofillers. This advantageously makes it possible to obtain a material having better mechanical properties and possibly transparent. Typically, the mineral filler (s) may represent between 0.1% and 60% by weight of the total weight of the polymer electrolyte that is the subject of the present invention. When it comes to nanofillers, these nanofillers may more preferably represent between 0.1% and 10% by weight of the total weight of the polymer electrolyte. In the case of larger charges, they may be more preferably between 10% and 60% by weight of the total weight of the polymer electrolyte. Preferably, the polymer electrolyte which is the subject of the present invention may comprise one or more texturizing agents in combination with one or more mineral fillers. Other types of additives may be included in the polymer electrolyte object of the present invention. However, it is preferred that the total quantity of additives present in the electrolyte represents at most 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the polymer electrolyte which is the subject of the present invention, preferably between 0% and 40%, of more preferably between 0% and 10%, and even more preferably between 0% and 3%. The additives may in particular be chosen from the additives conventionally used in battery electrolytes, for example, SET control additives, monofluoroethylene carbonate or difluoroethylene carbonate. Pigments can also be used as additives, especially when the electrolyte according to the invention is intended to be used in an electrochromic device.
    [0018] The method of manufacturing a solid polymer electrolyte is also an object of the present invention. This process comprises the steps wherein: - a precursor composition comprising an eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt and a polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound is obtained; then - said precursor composition is subjected to a polymerization and / or crosslinking treatment. To obtain said precursor composition, the various compounds can be mixed in a suitable device. According to a preferred embodiment, at least one fluorinated salt and at least one organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt are first mixed in the desired proportions to obtain an eutectic mixture. Said eutectic mixture is then mixed with at least one polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound. If necessary, the additive (s) may be added at any stage of the preparation of said precursor composition.
    [0019] The solid polymer electrolyte according to the invention is then obtained by subjecting said precursor composition to a polymerization treatment. This treatment may be chosen by those skilled in the art depending on the polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound chosen. The polymerization and / or crosslinking treatment may be selected from the group consisting of heat treatment, photochemical processing, including UV treatment, chemical treatment, and a combination of these treatments. According to a preferred embodiment, the precursor composition comprises a monomer of polyethylene glycol diacrylate type and / or trimethylolpropane triacrylate and the polymerization and / or crosslinking treatment consists of the UV irradiation of the mixture. Irradiation can be typically performed using a medium pressure mercury lamp. The operation can be carried out under an internal atmosphere and anhydrous. The irradiation can typically be maintained for a period of time between a few minutes and a few hours, for example between 1 minute and 10 minutes. Before proceeding to the processing step, the precursor composition may be shaped. This shaping step may for example consist of a deposition step 30 on a support, to obtain a film. This support may be an inert substrate, in order to obtain an electrolyte in the form of a self-supporting film. Alternatively, said support may be a preformulated electrode, in order to obtain an electrolyte in the form of a coating. Alternatively, the precursor composition may be deposited or injected into a mold or into a device. The preparation method according to the invention may also comprise one or more post-treatment stages. In particular, said method may comprise an aging step, also called termination or maturation. This aging treatment may consist of a heat treatment or a waiting time under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. In general, the method of manufacturing a polymer electrolyte according to the invention can be implemented in a room with controlled humidity. All raw materials preferentially have a controlled water content. This manufacturing process can be continuous or discontinuous. In batch mode, the electrolyte according to the invention can be batch produced according to conventional methods. However, for large volume production, a continuous manufacturing process can be envisaged. Each step of the process (in particular the steps of preparation of the precursor composition, shaping and polymerization treatment and / or condensation and crosslinking) can be carried out independently, continuously or not.
    [0020] For example, the preparation of the precursor composition can be carried out industrially with the aid of extruders or static mixers, then the filming can be obtained by rolling or dipping, and the polymerization and / or crosslinking treatment can be carried out. finally be obtained by passing under industrial lamps or in an oven.
    [0021] The product obtained by this manufacturing process is a polymeric material which can advantageously be used as an electrolyte. Indeed, this material has an ionic conductivity advantageously greater than 10-5, preferably greater than 10-4 even more preferably greater than 10-3 Siemens / cm at 20 ° C. Preferably, the ionic conductivity is between 5.10-4 and 10-2 Siemens / cm at 20 ° C. In addition, this material may advantageously have an ionic conductivity greater than 10-6, preferably greater than 10-5 Siemens / cm at 0 ° C. In addition, this material may advantageously have an ionic conductivity greater than 5.10-4 Siemens / cm at 40 ° C. Ion conductivity can be measured by the complex impedance spectrometry technique which measures the strength and capacity of a solid material. For this, the sample is held between two metal electrodes which are connected to an impedance meter which makes it possible to carry out the measurement. These measurements are carried out at a controlled temperature. In addition, the material obtained according to the invention is advantageously electrochemically stable.
    [0022] In addition, the material obtained is advantageous because, unlike the electrolytes of the prior art, it is solid. This electrolyte can therefore advantageously be self-supporting, that is to say that it can exist and be handled without support, unlike for example a coating or a gel injected into a porous support. It can especially be used without separator. Nevertheless, it is not excluded in the present invention to use this material with a separator, for example with a woven or non-woven and / or microporous separator. According to a preferred embodiment, the polymer electrolyte according to the invention can be in the form of a film whose thickness can be between 1 nm (micrometer) and 1 mm, preferably between 1 nm and 150 nm, more preferably between 1 nm and 100 nm, and even more preferably between 1 nm and 40 nm. Advantageously, the thickness of the film may be uniform over its entire surface. In the present description, the term "regular" means a variation of the film thickness of less than or equal to 50%, preferably less than or equal to 25%. The surface of this film 15 may be greater than 25 cm 2, or even greater than 100 cm 2, up to several hundred square meters in the context of continuous production. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer electrolyte according to the invention is transparent. In this case, the electrolyte preferably does not contain any additive that may impair the transparency of the product.
    [0023] The invention advantageously provides a solid electrolyte material having both high conductivity and good mechanical properties. In addition, this material is easy to produce and expensive. The solid polymer electrolyte according to the invention can advantageously be used as an electrolyte in an electrochemical device, and more particularly in electronic display devices or in energy storage and restitution devices. The solid polymer electrolyte according to the invention may for example be used as an electrolyte in one of the following electrochemical devices: electrochromic appliances: car windows or in the home, visors, glasses, etc. electrochromic flat screens: televisions, tablets, smartphones, connected devices ... - secondary lithium batteries, lithium-sulfur type batteries, lithium-air batteries, sodium batteries ... 3035544 14 - super-capacitors, especially those with double layers using an electrolyte; - Energy generators, such as organic solar panels (known as OPV).
    [0024] The present invention relates to a battery comprising an anode, a cathode and a solid polymer electrolyte as defined above. Advantageously, such a battery does not contain a separator. Nevertheless, a battery containing a separator, for example with a woven or non-woven separator and / or microporous is not excluded in the present invention. In addition, the polymer electrolyte according to the invention can enter the composition of the anode and / or the cathode. The present invention also relates to an electronic display device, in particular an electrochromic device, comprising at least one solid polymer electrolyte as defined above. This use is made possible by the fact that the solid polymer electrolyte according to the invention can advantageously be transparent.
    [0025] The invention will now be described by means of the following examples given by way of non-limiting illustration of the invention.
    [0026] EXAMPLES Example 1 Step a: A eutectic mixture was prepared by mixing lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI, 7.9 g) with N-methylacetamide (7.1 g) under a nitrogen atmosphere. at room temperature. Mixing is ensured until a colorless liquid is obtained at room temperature. Step b: Additional LiTFSI (10.0 g) was dissolved in triethylene glycol diacrylate (17.4 g) at 40 ° C. After returning to room temperature, 2.6 g of this solution was added to the eutectic mixture formed in step a. PVDF (15 g), then the photoinitiator (IRGACURE® 184, marketed by BASF, 0.3 g) were added to the entire formulation with stirring. Step c: The preparation obtained in step b was spread as a film using a BYK automatic film applicator. For this, 5 g of the formulation obtained in step b was placed on an aluminum foil 30 μm thick. A template 3035544 for adjusting the applied liquid formulation height was set to a height of 200 lm. There was thus obtained an uncrosslinked film of constant thickness. Step d: The crosslinking was carried out under UV irradiation produced by a LumenDynamics Omnicuree S1000 equipped with a medium pressure mercury lamp with a power of 100 W. The lamp was placed at a height of 50 cm. above the film. Irradiation was maintained for 2 minutes at full power. The material obtained has a thickness of between 80 μm and 125 μm. The resistivity measurement was carried out with an Impedance / Gain-Phase Analyzer Si 1260 device marketed by SOLARTRON. The measurement frequency varies from 10 1 Hz to 1 MHz with a variation of 10 Hz per point. The measuring cell has a surface area of S = 0.196 cm 2. The sample was placed between the two electrodes at a temperature of T = 27 ° C. and subjected to the analysis protocol as defined above. This resistivity measurement made it possible to calculate a conductivity of 3.42 × 10 -2 5 / cm. The electrochemical stability measurement was carried out in a sealed measuring cell mounted under dry argon with a surface area of S = 1.13 cm 2. The membrane is brought into contact with a 316 stainless steel electrode and a lithium electrode, which serves as a counter electrode and a reference electrode. The open circuit potential measured is 2.73 V and the potential variation is carried out at a speed of 1 mV / s by a VMP3 potentiostat marketed by Biologic, between an upper limit of 4.5 V and 20 lower limit of 0 V relative to the lithium reference. The current is measured with a sensitivity of 1.1A. No oxidation or reduction peak was detected in the range, which reflects the absence of degradation of the membrane. EXAMPLE 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that silica (3 g, surface area 160 m 2 / g, average particle size 300 μm) was mixed with 10 g of the solution obtained previously in step b. A film of thickness 165 i.tm on average was obtained. Ionic conductivity of 10-4 S / cm at the temperature of 23 ° C.
    [0027] The measurement of the strength of the obtained film was made in compression from superimposed films in order to obtain a specimen with a thickness greater than 1 mm. The cylindrical test pieces were cut with a punch with a diameter of between 5 and 15 mm. The tests were carried out by dynamic mechanical analysis on a Rheometrics RSA 2 device which makes it possible to apply a sinusoidal deformation and to measure the corresponding force. The modulus measured is the tangent to the stress / strain curve for a deformation of 1% at a frequency of 1 Hz and a temperature of 23 ° C. The Young's modulus of this film thus determined leads to a value of 2 MPa. 5
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A solid polymer electrolyte comprising an eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt.
    [0002]
    2. solid polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorinated salt comprises at least one alkaline cation, preferably at least one cation of lithium or sodium, and more preferably at least one lithium cation.
    [0003]
    3. Solid polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the fluorinated salt comprises at least one fluorinated anion chosen from fluorinated sulphonimide anions, preferably chosen from anions of the following general formula: (Ea-502 Wherein: Ea represents a fluorine atom or a group preferably having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms selected from fluoroalkyls, perfluoroalkyls and fluoroalkenyls; - R represents a substituent, and more preferably selected from the group consisting of: - CF SO N SO CF 2_ - 2 3, - CF SO N SO F 2_ - 2_, - F502N502F, and - CF3502N-502N-502CF3.
    [0004]
    4. solid polymer electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the eutectic mixture is selected from the group consisting of the following eutectic mixtures: - LiTF SI / N-methyl acetamide; LiTF SI / dimethyl sulfone; - LiTF SI / urea.
    [0005]
    5. solid polymer electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is obtained by polymerization and / or repti cul tion of a composition comprising said eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and a compound organic forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt and a polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound. 5
    [0006]
    6. solid polymer electrolyte according to claim 5, characterized in that the polymerizable compound and / or crosslinkable is selected from the group consisting of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, epoxide monomers, silicate monomers and alkoxysilanes, and mixtures thereof, so more preferred in the group consisting of acrylic monomers, alkoxysilane monomers and mixtures of acrylic monomers and alkoxysilane monomers.
    [0007]
    7. solid polymer electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the polymer electrolyte comprises one or more mineral fillers, said inorganic filler preferably being selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic silica, silica hydrophobic, in particular pyrogenic silicas, alumina, oxides, hydroxides, phosphates, sulphides, nitrates and metal carbonates, such as for example a cerium oxide, a rare earth oxide, zinc oxide, oxide titanium, tin oxide, indium tin oxide, iron oxide, and mixtures thereof. 20
    [0008]
    8. solid polymer electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the polymer electrolyte comprises one or more texturizing agent, said texturizing agent being preferably selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene polystyrene, fluorinated polymers such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) and their copolymers, for example the copolymer PVDF-HFP (polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene), poly (meth) acrylates, for example PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof such as cellulose, cellulose acetate, lignin and guar gum, gelatin and a mono, di or polysiloxane; three-dimensional.
    [0009]
    A method of manufacturing a solid polymer electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps wherein a precursor composition comprising an eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt and a polymerizable and / or crosslinkable compound is obtained; then said precursor composition is subjected to a polymerization and / or crosslinking treatment.
    [0010]
    10. precursor composition of a solid polymer electrolyte material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a eutectic mixture comprising a fluorinated salt and an organic compound forming an eutectic mixture with said fluorinated salt and a polymerizable compound and / or crosslinkable .
    [0011]
    11. Use of a solid polymer electrolyte as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8 as an electrolyte in an electrochemical device.
    [0012]
    A battery comprising an anode, a cathode and a solid polymer electrolyte as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8.
    [0013]
    13. An electronic display device, in particular an electrochromic device, comprising at least one solid polymer electrolyte as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1553548A|FR3035544B1|2015-04-21|2015-04-21|SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES COMPRISING SAME|FR1553548A| FR3035544B1|2015-04-21|2015-04-21|SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES COMPRISING SAME|
    TW105112310A| TW201703332A|2015-04-21|2016-04-20|Solid polymer electrolyte and electrochemical devices comprising same|
    JP2017555310A| JP2018513539A|2015-04-21|2016-04-20|Solid polymer electrolyte and electrochemical device including the same|
    US15/568,055| US20180145370A1|2015-04-21|2016-04-20|Solid polymer electrolyte and electrochemical devices comprising same|
    CN201680036227.9A| CN107771351A|2015-04-21|2016-04-20|Solid polymer electrolyte and the electrochemical appliance for including it|
    PCT/EP2016/058705| WO2016169953A1|2015-04-21|2016-04-20|Solid polymer electrolyte and electrochemical devices comprising same|
    EP16717378.0A| EP3286796A1|2015-04-21|2016-04-20|Solid polymer electrolyte and electrochemical devices comprising same|
    KR1020177032286A| KR20170139050A|2015-04-21|2016-04-20|Solid polymer electrolyte and electrochemical device comprising same|
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